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Raccoons

Identification

  • Raccoons are stocky animals with a prominent black “mask” over the eyes and a heavily furred, ringed tail. Body fur is generally a grizzled salt-and-pepper gray and black, sometimes with a yellowish cast. Adults reach a length of 2 to 3 feet and a weight of 10 to 30 pounds.

Biology

  • Breeding period:  late Jan-Mar, peak activity in Feb.
  • Gestation:  63 days
  • Birth period:  Mar-June, peak activity in Apr-May
  • Litters per year: 1
  • Litter size:  2-7
  • Young leave nest: at 2 months (see Pro Tips section on raccoon kit removal)
  • Feeding period:  Mostly at night
  • Raccoons eat almost anything, including garbage, small animals, fish, snails, frogs, garden vegetables, grubs, and the eggs and young of birds. Their fondness for garbage and for pet foods brings them into contact with homeowners.
  • Range

Inspection

  • Raccoons have adapted to living in and around human structures quite well. They will commonly be found under sheds, decks, and porches. However, most calls for nuisance raccoons involve activity in the house. Raccoons will use existing openings in a home or make their own entry points at damaged or weak points on a structure.
  • Remember to use the information provided by the customer as a starting point for inspection. This may come from direct communication with the customer or the notes from client service detailed in the work order/proposal.
  • On initial inspection, look on the exterior of the structure at downspouts, trim corners, and support columns for claw marks and/or muddy tracks. Raccoons may also gain roof access from tree limbs if they are touching or close to the roofline.
  • Latrines created by raccoons are sometimes present on the roof, typically in rain valleys or on the back side of chimneys.
  • Typical roof entry points to look for are the soffits panels and soffit vents above a down spout, dormer corners, and roof junctions. Raccoons are very strong, so soffit panels and vents are often ripped, bent, or completely torn out. They will also create entry points by tearing through shingles and sheathing along gutter lines, fascia boards, and ridge vents.
  • Other common entry points are gable vents, where raccoons will bend, break, or remove metal or wood louvers. Hat vents and power fan vents are other areas to inspect for entry points. 
  • Raccoons are notorious for using open chimneys, especially in the spring when females will use a chimney as a denning site. Customers often hear the adult and juvenile raccoons through the fireplace, where they are sitting directly on top of the damper door. Confirm the presence of raccoons by looking down the chimney flue for footprints, hair, or the raccoons themselves at the bottom of the chimney. In some cases, the damper door can be  carefully cracked open for visual confirmation of raccoons. 
  • Not all raccoon damage is on a structure. Raccoons can cause damage to lawns when they are tearing up the turf in search of grubs. Grubbing activity by raccoons is usually identified by large pieces of torn or rolled up sod.
  • Other areas to inspect for signs of raccoon activity include garbage cans and dumpsters. There may be a trail in the grass from the den site to these food sources. 
Raccoon Grubbing in Lawn
Raccoon Tracks on Garbage Can
Raccoon Entry in Roof
   Raccoon Tracks                                      
Racoon Latrine

Control

  • Trapping is the most common method of controlling raccoons.  Live traps and positive control traps are commonly used.
  • Lethal traps may be used in some situations.
  • Baits commonly used include peanut butter, marshmallows, apples, sardines, cat food and professional baits (On-Target Bacon, On-Target Bazooka Joe, Jameson’s Peaches and Cream, WCS TreeBerry and Kellen’s Black Label).
  • Any time excluding them from structures is possible we will also provide a proposal for exclusion service. Common entry points that will require exclusion include: Soffits, roof junctions, dormer corners, fascia gutter line gaps, ridge vents, soffit vents, hat vents, power fan and gable vents.   
  • Exclusion may also be needed for chimneys, siding and other roof holes.
  • Ground level exclusion with buried wire is common around decks, sheds, porches and other outbuildings. 
  • Emergency animal removal can be an option if a raccoon is trapped in a confined area inside the living areas of the home and has been seen or heard within 1-2 hours.  This may also be an option for removal of a sick or injured raccoon from the exterior.
  • Accessible garbage cans, birdfeeders and pet food kept outdoors can all be food sources for raccoons. Advise customers to keep garbage cans tightly closed; strap down if necessary. Keep pet food indoors and remove bird feeders to make the area less attractive to raccoons.
Positive Set Trap

Pro Tips

  • Entry points can be further identified as raccoon activity in that raccoon entries are typically 4-inch in diameter or larger, and may have tooth/claw marks, or hair around the edges of the entry. Latrines may also be present in the attic, along with wide, matted down trails in the insulation, and ripped out insulation baffles near the soffits. 
  • During raccoon birthing season in the spring the possibility of raccoon kits being present should be taken into consideration. For all raccoon jobs being sold during this time the information about kit removal should be shared with customers by client services.  
  • Technicians will be checking every captured raccoon for their sex and, if it is a female, if the animal is nursing.
  • Signs of raccoons kits being present are chattering, squealing, and growling noises heard in the interior of the structure. This can occur day or night. The customer may be able to hear more than one at a time.  They may also hear movement and scratching sounds during the day as well as an increase of movement noise at night.
  • There can be a stronger odor present in the interior with kits, especially if they are in a chimney flue. Fleas may become an issue as well. Most female raccoons caught during birthing season will have kits(it is fairly rare to catch a female without a litter, but it does happen).
Raccoon with Kits in Attic
  • If kits are present contact the customer immediately to discuss pricing and removal.  
  • Most of the time the kits will be accessible from the attic and are removed by hand.  Sometimes they may be behind a wall, ceiling, etc.  In this situation ask the customer to pinpoint and mark where the kits are being heard. They may not hear the noises until a day or two after the female raccoon has been caught.  
  • Thermal imaging devices can be used to determine the exact location of kits.  
  • If the kits are in an interior wall, ceiling, floor or soffit the technician will have to cut a hole to access the kits. Make sure to get customer permission and let them know that they will be responsible for having permanent repairs done to the area.  Technicians will use a piece of metal as a temporary repair after removal.
  • If cutting into a wall is necessary, start with at small pilot hole to determine that the location of kits has been found.  After it is determined to be the correct location a larger hole can be made.